{"id":12866,"date":"2020-03-11T09:15:40","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T14:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/?p=12866"},"modified":"2020-03-11T09:15:40","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T14:15:40","slug":"google-analytics-101-a-simple-guide-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/google-analytics-101-a-simple-guide-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Google Analytics 101: A Simple Guide For Beginners"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 13<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So it\u2019s been a year since I started playing around with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/how-to-use-google-analytics-to-increase-conversions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google Analytics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>I vividly remember my very first day \u2013 I had no clue what the tool was all about, and I didn\u2019t really know the importance of data in the world of marketing. What I thought was Digital Marketing, wasn&#8217;t really DM, but it was Social Media Marketing.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not that I was ignorant or have been living under a rock, but I was coming from a totally different planet. For the life of me, I had not known any other home apart from sports journalism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So when Khalid gave me my first lecture on Google Analytics, to be honest, I was intimidated by the tables, charts, numbers, and graphs. It wasn\u2019t love at first sight, and I didn\u2019t understand how all those concepts could be comprehended by a single human brain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But as someone who was starting out in the world of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/cro\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conversion Rate Optimization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, I knew life was going to be much easier if I befriend GA and interact with it more and more. Afterall, GA <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is the most popular Web <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analytics tool<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the world and it is used by over 64% of the Top 500 US Retailers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even to this day, I&#8217;m still interacting with GA \u2013and with every interaction, I\u2019m getting comfortable. What started as a scary adventure, is turning out to be an exciting ride.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, in just 3 000 words, I have decided to take you on my journey of learning and dissecting GA data. This is my first article on GA, who knows, one or two posts may follow later. If you\u2019re just starting out to make sense of GA data, I\u2019m sure you will benefit from this post.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this guide, I will just assume that you have set up your GA account and you\u2019re ready to explore the tool. Bookmark this guide and come back to it as your data tracking becomes more sophisticated. If you still have questions after going through this, feel free to slide into the comments section.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First things first: What is Google Analytics?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A quick search on Google defines GA as a free analytics tool \u2014 offered by Google \u2014 that gives you an extremely in-depth look at your web or app performance. But there is also a paid version of GA which is called Analytics 360.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether it&#8217;s a free or paid version, every data report in GA is made up of two types: dimensions and metrics. The difference between the two elements is crystal clear; dimensions reveal the features and characteristics of a website user, whereas metrics quantify the activities of the user.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12867\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-five.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"308\" data-wp-pid=\"12867\" \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see from the above image, dimensions are descriptive whereas metrics are quantitative in nature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help you understand, let\u2019s just assume that a 27-year-old woman from Chicago visited your website after searching for \u2018best laptop bags\u2019 on Google via a safari browser in her iPhone 11 Pro. From this example, Google Analytics will capture the dimensions of this visitor and report them as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gender:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Female<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Age:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 25-34<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>City: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Source\/Medium: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google\/Organic search\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Keyword:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> best laptop bags<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Browser:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Safari<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Device Category:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mobile<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Operating System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> IOS\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender, Age, City, Source\/Medium, Keyword, Browser, Device Category, and Operating System are all descriptive in nature \u2013an indication that they\u2019re dimensions. As you can see, GA doesn\u2019t reveal users\u2019 specific details such as name, mobile number or email address, so dimensions are the closest you can get to know your visitors.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As indicated earlier, metrics reveal the activities of visitors in numbers. You get to know things like the number of visitors who visited the site, visitor\u2019s duration on the site, the number of visitors who left the site, and more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get the most out of GA you\u2019ll need to know the most important metrics it provides. Some of these critical metrics are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bounce rate, Sessions, Traffic Sources, Pageviews, Conversions and Session durations (all discussed in great detail below).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding Google Analytics Metrics<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you log in to Google Analytics, on the left-hand side of your tab you will see standard categories \u2014 Real-time, Audience, Acquisition, Behavior, and Conversions \u2014 under the standard reports section.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12868\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-one.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"407\" data-wp-pid=\"12868\" \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the information under these reports that paints a clear picture of how your website is performing. In fact, the Google Analytics reports are there to help reveal the success of a website based on its set. The data in these categories allows you to make smart, strategic and informed decisions about your digital marketing efforts.\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So before I jump into the different subcategories under the standard report sections, it\u2019s best that we start by defining important terms you will find in GA:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visitors<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New visitors: these are the visitors that Google Analytics considers as brand new visitors to the site. They have never visited the website before.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>How does GA know if someone has visited the site before or not?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whenever a user visits a site that uses Google Analytics for tracking, the GA will place a tracking cookie on that visitor\u2019s device. So, if you use your desktop to visit a particular website, then GA will place a cookie on that desktop. If you visit the same site using a mobile device, then GA will place a cookie on the mobile device.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It gets even better, if you visit the same website, on the same device (desktop for example) but using two different browsers, then GA will put two different cookies on your device. Google Analytics uses a cookie to identify each user and the two different browsers would store two different cookies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a visitor views your website, Google\u2019s tracking code looks for an existing tracking cookie on the device. If GA cannot find the tracking code on the device you will be using, then you are counted as a new visitor. If GA finds the tracking code, then you are counted as a returning visitor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Session<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A session begins when users visit a site and end when (1) they exit the site (2) they are inactive for 30 minutes (3) at midnight.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The session time limit is 30 minutes by default, but it can be adjusted up to 4 hours. When a user returns to a site after 30 minutes of inactivity, GA reports this as a new session.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help you understand, let\u2019s say user X visits a website and leaves it open for more than 30 minutes without interacting with it, GA automatically ends the session. When the same user (user X) returns to the site, GA resets the time and considers this as a new session.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likewise, if user X visits a site at 23:56 pm and leaves at 00:05 am, this will be reported as two sessions. According to GA, the first session would have ended at 23:59:59 am and the new session is said to have begun at 00:00 am.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12869\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-six-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"346\" data-wp-pid=\"12869\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This explains why the above site had 13,136 users but GA reports that it generated 16074 sessions. Sessions are based on visits, and one user can have as many sessions. You can also see from the above image that on average each user visited the site 1.22 times, and with each session, the average number of pages visited is 4.41 pages.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Page view<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A page view reveals the total number of times a page is viewed in a given period<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GA reports page views based on one principle; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one page visit equals one pageview<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s take, for example, I v\u0131s\u0131t page A on a webs\u0131te then jump to page B, then go back to page A. In this case, GA will show that page A has two page views and page B has one page view.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People tend to confuse the pageview metric with the number of users who visit a particular page. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have been following this discussion, you will understand that it\u2019s impossible for a single user to generate multiple page views during a single session.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In instances where a user refreshes or reloads a page, GA considers this as a new pageview. Depending on the type of website, sometimes this metric can indicate the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">popularity<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a page.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12870\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"325\" data-wp-pid=\"12870\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above image shows 10 pages of 489. As you can see, all the 489 pages generated a total of 58,292 views.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another interesting metric that I like to look at is the average number of views per page. The formula for this metric is:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average number of views per page = total number of pageviews \/ the number of pages<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the site above:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average number of views per page = 58,292 \/ 489= 119<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, on average a page on this site receives 119 page views within a week.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you add the total number of pageviews generated by the first 10 pages, you will notice that the first 10 pages receive an <\/span><b>average<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of 3220 views per week \u2013and this means that they are performing way above (the 119) average.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12871\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-two-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"354\" data-wp-pid=\"12871\" \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As I scrolled downwards to view how some of the pages were doing, I noticed that from page 51, the page views were now below average.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a cause for concern because you can\u2019t be having only 50 pages \u2013 of a site that has a total of 489 pages \u2013 performing above average, in terms of page views. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unique Pageviews\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unique Pageviews are pageviews that are generated during a specific session by the same user. Unlike the page views report, the unique pageviews metric is based on the principle: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one session equals one unique pageview<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can think of unique pageviews as user sessions per page.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that if one user views a page multiple times during a single session, GA will count this as one unique pageview. For instance, when a user first visits page A and moves to page B, and then goes back to page A during a single session, GA will report this as shown in the table below:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 157px;\" width=\"886\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Pageview<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Unique<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Page A<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Page B<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bounce rate<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A visitor is considered to have bounced after having landed on a web page and immediately leaving <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">without visiting any other page on the site.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web analytics guru, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kaushik.net\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avinash Kaushik<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, defines a bounce from a visitor\u2019s perspective as: <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I came; I puked, and I left<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12872\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-three-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"322\" data-wp-pid=\"12872\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the above image, 14,401 people visited the site, and 48.16% of those visitors bounced \u2013meaning that they only viewed a single web page. GA doesn\u2019t show you the exact number of people who bounced, but this is how you can calculate it:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<em>The average number of bounced users = Bounce rate x Total entrances\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So in this case, the bounce rate for the above site is:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<em>= 48.16% x 14,401 = 6,936\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To calculate the bounce rate, GA uses the following formula:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bounce rate (of a page) = Visitors w\u0131th single page exits \/ Visitors with a single-page visit<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A bounce rate is the only metric that will tell you if visitors are staying on your website or not. Depending on the page on your site, a bounce rate can either be good or bad.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exit rate<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When people visit your site, at some point, they\u2019re bound to leave, right? When this happens, Google refers to it as an exit. So an exit rate simply refers to the percentage of these site exits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More often than not, the exit rate is confused with the bounce rate, probably because they both reveal the percentage of the users who left the site. However, it&#8217;s important to note that these are two different metrics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just to refresh your memory, the exit rate is the percentage of visits that were <\/span><b>last<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the session, whereas the bounce rate is the percentage of visits that were the <\/span><b>only one<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the session.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you think about it, visitors who bounce on your site would have exited your site. So this makes the bounce rate part of the exit rate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having said that, here\u2019s how GA calculates the exit rate:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exit rate = Total number of exits \/ Total number of page views\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, if a website has 60,000 page views and 20,000 total number of exits, GA will calculate the exit rate as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exit rate = 20,000 \/ 60,000 x 100 = 33%\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average time on page<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When users visit a site and start moving from one page to the other, GA calculates the time they spend on each page. At the end of each session, this free web tool comes up with the average time that users spend on each page on your website.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, you can think of the average time on page as the time spent by users interacting with a certain web page.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, if a user visits page A at 13:05 pm and move to page B at 13:09 pm and then to page C at 13:16 pm before leaving the s\u0131te at 13:18 pm, GA will report this as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 144px;\" width=\"826\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>PAGES<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Enter Time<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Time On Page<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13.05<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">00:04:00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13:09<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">00:07:00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13:16<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see from the table above, GA comes up with the time spent on a page by subtracting the entrance time from the exit time. Drawing from the example above, this can be illustrated as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time spent on Page = Page B entrance \u2014 Page A entrance time<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0= 13:09 \u2014 13:05 = 4 minutes.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though GA knows the exact time (13:16 pm) that the user visited Page C, it couldn\u2019t calculate the amount of time spent on that page since the user didn&#8217;t navigate to another page or make any other interaction with the site.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the moment a user visits a site, GA calculates the duration of each session based on their interaction on the site. If a user visits a site and doesn\u2019t open any other page, Google Analytics won\u2019t be able to record hits or track any movements, so this is considered as a bounce.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To come up with the average time on page, GA adds the number of minutes spent on the part\u0131cular page and divides the total by the number of v\u0131s\u0131tors to that page.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average time on a page = Time on page A \/Total number of v\u0131s\u0131tors<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Session duration\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you visit a website, navigate through it by going from one page to the other, as soon as you exit the site, GA calculates the time spent on the site and refers to it as session duration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google refers to session duration as the amount of time a user spends on a site.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To come up with the session duration, Google Analytics adds the number of minutes a user spends on each web page. This can be exemplified as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Session duration = Time on Page A + Time on Page B + Time on Page C.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, if a user spends 3 minutes on Page A, 4 minutes on Page B and 2 minutes on Page C, the session duration will be measured as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Session duration = 3 minutes + 4 minutes + 2 minutes = 9 minutes.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s a difference between session duration and time spent on a page. The two metrics may be similar in that they show the time spent by users, but there are significantly different in that the session duration is inclusive of time spent on the site whereas the time on a page only shows the amount of time a visitor spends on a certain page.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last place that your web users visited before getting to your site is referred to as the source. It can be a social platform (Twitter, Facebook, etc) or a search engine (Google or Bing). Think of it as a place where your visitors are coming from.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event that GA cannot figure out the source or <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if the visitor typed the site URL or clicked on a browser bookmark, this source will be presented as a direct source.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medium<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source and Medium in GA are terms that even the best marketers get mixed up sometimes. As mentioned earlier, the source is <\/span><b>where<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> your website\u2019s visitors are coming from, whereas the medium is <\/span><b>how<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the visitors got to your website.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that the Source of your traffic might be Bing, but the Medium could be Organic, CPC, Display or Referral.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12873\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-four-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"332\" data-wp-pid=\"12873\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above image shows some of the core categories within the Medium section in GA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Channel<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GA channel is a group of several traffic sources that used the same medium to get into your website. There are two types of channels in GA: default and custom channels. Default channels are system defined channels in GA, whereas custom channels are user-defined. <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12874\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/GA.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"388\" data-wp-pid=\"12874\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The image above shows some of the default channels in GA and the number of visitors that used a certain channel to get to your site. It is through this report that you get to see the performance of different marketing channels in driving users to your site.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Campaign<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any sources \u2013 ad campaigns, search engines, social networks, etc \u2013 that send users to your website are collectively known as campaigns and traffic sources.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier on, I mentioned that there are some instances when GA is not able to detect the source of your web visitors. To avoid such instances, it&#8217;s best if you can use campaigns as a way of tracking specific traffic sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, if you send out an email to your subscribers, and someone <a href=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/click-tracking\/\">clicks on the link<\/a> within that email and reaches your website, GA might not know the specific email that the visitor used to get to your website. This is where Campaigns within Google Analytics come in handy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides being able to trace the specific sources of your visitors, GA\u2019s campaigns can help you track your Return On Investment (ROI) of traffic from different sources.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in order to track campaigns in GA, you will have to do some setup first.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding visitor segments<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that you have a basic understanding of the lingo used in GA, let\u2019s drill deeper into your visitor data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At some point, you might really want to find out how your new visitors are interacting with the site vs. returning visitors. Or you might want to see how visitors who converted interact with the site vs visitors who did not convert.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, how do you go about this?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most sections of Google analytics allow you to create a custom visitor segment. It also includes pre-built segments for your analysis:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12875\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-seven-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"220\" data-wp-pid=\"12875\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Click on the \u201c+ Add Segment\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12876\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"354\" data-wp-pid=\"12876\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can either search for a segment in the search box or scroll through to see what segment is available.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the picture above, I wanted to see how my returning users interact with the site.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For an e-commerce site, if you want to see how those visitors who placed an order with the site behave then you will have to create your own custom segment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Start by clicking on the red button:\u201d+ NEW SEGMENT\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12877\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"465\" data-wp-pid=\"12877\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will open a new dialogue box:<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"295\" data-wp-pid=\"12878\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Click on conditions from the left navigation (under advanced)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select \u201cUsers\u201d from the drop-down<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12879\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"307\" data-wp-pid=\"12879\" \/><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Select \u201cTransactions\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12880\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-12.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"436\" data-wp-pid=\"12880\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Select per user<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Select &gt;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Input 0 in the box<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. Input a name for this segment. I used Visitors with transactions &#8211; but feel free to use whatever you like!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Click on the blue save button.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does this all mean? I basically told GA to create a new segment. This segment is for all users who have a transaction with the site.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What if we want to create a segment for visitors who did not place an order on the site?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We follow the same steps:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Click on conditions from the left navigation (under advanced)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select \u201cUsers\u201d from the drop-down<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select \u201cTransactions\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select per user<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select \u201c=\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Input 0 in the box<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"blog_img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12881\" src=\"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/images\/blog-images\/Google-Analytics-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"332\" data-wp-pid=\"12881\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. Input a name for this segment. I used \u201cVisitors without Transactions\u201d &#8211; but feel free to use whatever you like!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Click on the blue save button.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is just the beginning<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ve just scratched the surface<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, there is so much more to explore in GA. I still haven&#8217;t touched Google Analytics&#8217; reporting tabs: real-time, audience, acquisition, behavior, conversions, and even custom dashboards. But let\u2019s leave that for the second and third installments. In the meantime, you might want to check this free <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/analytics.google.com\/analytics\/academy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GA video course<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offered by Google.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 13<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>So it\u2019s been a year since I started playing around with Google Analytics.\u00a0 I vividly remember my very first day \u2013 I had no clue what the tool was all about, and I didn\u2019t really know the importance of data in the world of marketing. What I thought was Digital Marketing, wasn&#8217;t really DM, but [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":12882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/54"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12866"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12866\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invespcro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}